An Introduction

Overview

The Constitution is the supreme law of a country. It lays down how the government will work, the rights of citizens and the duties they must perform. The Constitution of India came into force on 26 January 1950 and is the longest written constitution in the world.

Key points

• The Constitution was drafted by the Constituent Assembly; Dr B. R. Ambedkar was chairman of the drafting committee.
• It came into effect on 26 January 1950, celebrated as Republic Day.
• The Preamble states the ideals: justice, liberty, equality and fraternity.
• It guarantees Fundamental Rights and lists Fundamental Duties.
• India is described as a sovereign, socialist, secular and democratic republic.

Important terms / dates

• Constitution - the supreme set of rules for governing a country.
• Preamble - the introduction stating the aims of the Constitution.
• Fundamental Rights - basic freedoms guaranteed to citizens.
• 26 January 1950 - the Constitution came into force.

Important questions

1. What is a Constitution and why is it important?
2. When did the Indian Constitution come into force?
3. Who was the chairman of the drafting committee?
4. What ideals are stated in the Preamble?

Quick revision

The Constitution of India, enforced on 26 January 1950, is the supreme law of the land. Drafted under Dr B. R. Ambedkar, it sets out the Preamble, Fundamental Rights and Duties, making India a sovereign, secular, democratic republic.